A — comprises the island Iceland (Islandia), renowned for its unusual wonders; on this island, close to the letter A: there are three mountains, their highest peaks glistering with eternal snow and their bases flaming with eternal fire. B: Four springs of very different nature: the first one by means of its eternal heat changes everything thrown into it into stone, while preserving the original shape, the second one is intolerably cold, the third one produces “beer”, the fourth one breathes forth destructive contagion. C: A fire consuming the water but not burning the wick. D: White ravens, falcons, magpies, bears, wolves and hares; yet there are also totally black wolves. E: The ice sounding like howling human voices and clearly indicating that human soul are being tormented there. F: A piece of rock that seems to fly through a great cloud of vapour. G: A vast number of fish heaped up for sale in a pile as high as the houses under the open sky. H: An increadible amount of butter. I: The pasture is so lush that unless the cattle are kept from grazing, they are destroyed through overfeeding. K: Sea monsters, huge as mountains, capsize the ships if they are not frightened away by the sounds of trumpets or by throwing empty barrels into the sea. L: Seamen who anchor on the backs of the monsters in belief that they are islands often expose themselves to mortal danger. M: Merchant ships attacking each other with canons in their fight to be first in harbour and do good trade. N: The arms of Norway (Norvegia) and Iceland (Islandia)